{"id":21081,"date":"2019-06-15T20:54:51","date_gmt":"2019-06-15T19:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051"},"modified":"2019-06-15T20:54:51","modified_gmt":"2019-06-15T19:54:51","slug":"anniversaries-the-world-wide-web-at-30-and-25-cerns-lhc-as-a-bonus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?p=21081","title":{"rendered":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and  25 (+ CERN&#8217;s LHC as a bonus)."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"21081\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web\">Web conference<\/a> took place (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Web_Conference\">WWW94<\/a>) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of chemistry on the web at the time. You can see my general but entirely personal impressions written after the workshop (DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14469\/hpc\/5850\">10.14469\/hpc\/5850<\/a>),\u00a0with a chemistry specific version at DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14469\/hpc\/5851\">10.14469\/hpc\/5851<\/a>. \u00a0A real trip down memory lane and an indication of how much has happened in 25 years!<\/p>\n<p>I was lucky enough to be able to visit CERN a few days ago, primarily to view the CMS (<strong>Compact Muon Solenoid<\/strong>) detector and I also took the opportunity to remember WWW94. Here are a few photos of the visit. Note the chemistry seen in the final photo, taken in the control room (hint: look on the shelf at the back).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div data-carousel-extra='{\"blog_id\":1,\"permalink\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rzepa.net\\\/blog\\\/?p=21081\"}' id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-21081 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21052'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21052\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21052\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?fit=4032%2C3024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4032,3024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 7 Plus&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560270251&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.058823529411765&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_5066\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;91m underground&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066.jpg?fit=450%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21052'>\n\t\t\t\t91m underground\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21065'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21065\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21065\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?fit=1512%2C2016&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,2016\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 7 Plus&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560271327&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.058823529411765&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_5071\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;View of the  CMS&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?fit=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071.jpg?fit=450%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21065'>\n\t\t\t\tView of the  CMS\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21068'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21068\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21068\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?fit=1312%2C2000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1312,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;32&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D1&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1056588610&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_(9452745268)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Lead tungstate crystal array (not from CMS)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?fit=197%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268.jpg?fit=450%2C686&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21068'>\n\t\t\t\tLead tungstate crystal array (not from CMS)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21064'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21064\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?fit=2016%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2016,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 7 Plus&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560271311&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;40&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.058823529411765&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_5070\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;View of the  CMS&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070.jpg?fit=450%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21064'>\n\t\t\t\tView of the  CMS\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21063'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21063\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21063\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?fit=1512%2C2016&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1512,2016\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 7 Plus&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560270855&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;40&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.058823529411765&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_5069\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Fibre cables carrying the data&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?fit=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069.jpg?fit=450%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21063'>\n\t\t\t\tFibre cables carrying the data\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21066'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21066\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21066\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?fit=2016%2C1512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2016,1512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 7 Plus&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560274752&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;3.99&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;25&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IMG_5075\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The final 27 km ring,  Control room.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075.jpg?fit=450%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21066'>\n\t\t\t\tThe final 27 km ring,  Control room.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21078'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?resize=144%2C144&amp;ssl=1 144w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" data-attachment-id=\"21078\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/?attachment_id=21078\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?fit=4032%2C3024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4032,3024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone SE&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1560271740&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.15&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.04&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image00005-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Some of the visitors&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2.jpg?fit=450%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21078'>\n\t\t\t\tSome of the visitors\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>You can find a full report of the visit at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/191569\/imperial-celebrates-towering-intellectual-achievement-cern\/\">https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/191569\/imperial-celebrates-towering-intellectual-achievement-cern\/<\/a> with more photos. It is noteworthy that as well as celebrating the achievements of the \u00a0LHC, we also find that &#8220;<em>CERN\u2019s work often leads to paradigm-shifting technologies, &#8230; The most famous example is the World Wide Web, which was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee while working at CERN in 1989<\/em>.&#8221; Hence the link between WWW94 and the CMS.<\/p>\n<p>I end with some chemistry. The design of the CMS detector (one of two that detected the Higgs Boson) took 27 years to complete! It started in the mid 1980s at a point when some of the science required for the detector was still unknown! It was a stupendous act of faith that during the time it took to design the detector, science would provide a solution. One such solution took the form of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cms.web.cern.ch\/news\/crystal-calorimeter\">Lead tungstate (PbWO<sub>4<\/sub>),<\/a> which scintillates when struck by high energy particles. Some 75,848 <a href=\"http:\/\/cms.web.cern.ch\/news\/crystal-story\">single crystals<\/a> of lead tungstate were used in the detector, each being 23 cm long and weighing in total 100 tonnes! The technology to purify and then crystallise this material to optical transparency was developed in Russia and China.<\/p>\n<p>The CMS is now undergoing experiments to find the missing mass in the universe, the so-called dark matter. Maybe another visit in 25 years time is called for to hear where that missing mass is!<\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 21081 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first Web conference took place (WWW94) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[1526],"class_list":["post-21081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interesting-chemistry","tag-interesting-chemistry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1gPyz-5u1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21081"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21081\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rzepa.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}